For a long time, my country's construction industry is large but not strong, the level of industrial chain coordination is not high, the organization and management is fragmented, and the construction methods are extensive and backward. Based on this, in order to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry, a new construction industrialization road with high technology content, good economic benefits, low resource consumption, less environmental pollution, and full use of human resource advantages will be developed as soon as possible. Assembled buildings with core production, assembly construction, integrated decoration, information management, and intelligent application, have taken advantage of the trend to become an important measure for my country's construction industry to seek innovation and change in recent years.

Following the "Guiding Opinions on Vigorously Developing Prefabricated Buildings" issued by the General Office of the State Council in 2016, 30 cities including Beijing were recognized by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development as the first batch of prefabricated building demonstration cities in the country in 2017. After several years of rapid development, what are the active explorations of these demonstration cities, what can be replicated and promoted, what are the problems and shortcomings at the same time, and how to improve in the next step to better play the leading role of demonstration is very worthy of attention And research. In order to give full play to the research advantages and professional guidance role of industry media, promote the exchange of experience and serve the first-line practice, China Construction News Prefabricated Building Fusion Media lasted half a year and conducted an in-depth study of the main methods and practices of the first batch of 30 prefabricated building demonstration cities in the country. There are shortcomings, and a large-scale series of reports on the "Research on the Development of National Prefabricated Building Demonstration Cities" was launched, which provided valuable information for relevant decision-making and industrial development, and received positive feedback from all aspects of the industry.

Taken together, the first batch of 30 prefabricated building demonstration cities in the country have fully utilized their existing market and industrial advantages, established, improved and continuously improved the policy support system, studied and formulated local standards and regulations, cultivated and supported leading enterprises, and created modernization. A series of powerful measures, such as industrial clusters, have injected a "boosting agent" into promoting the vigorous development of local prefabricated buildings. Some cities have also formed unique development models, which continue to attract other cities across the country to "learn from the ground." But at the same time, the technical standard system is not perfect, the overall and systematic design is relatively lacking, the coordinated development of the industrial chain is not deep enough, the level of intelligent construction is not high, and the promotion is far from enough. The development of prefabricated building processes in various demonstration cities It is more or less reflected in it. Entering the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, facing the new situation, new tasks and new requirements, as a model city, it needs to make persistent efforts, focus on key points, make up for shortcomings, strengths and weaknesses, and consolidate advantages, further innovate and optimize development paths, and build a good industrial ecology. To better play its leading role as a demonstration city of national prefabricated buildings.

Government guidance, market force, and multiple measures to develop prefabricated buildings

Looking at the development of the first batch of 30 prefabricated building demonstration cities in the country in recent years, all city governments have attached great importance to them. Some cities have listed the prefabricated building industry as a local key industry development plan, and some cities have established special The leading group may establish a joint meeting system, take multiple measures simultaneously, and comprehensively coordinate the development of prefabricated buildings. More typically, Guang'an City proposed to "build a new housing industry park at a level of 100 billion yuan"; Shenyang City established a modern construction industrialization work promotion group and included the modern construction industry in the "100 billion yuan industrial chain development plan"; Zhengzhou The city has established a prefabricated building promotion work leading group headed by the mayor; Beijing has established a joint meeting office composed of housing and urban-rural construction, development and reform, and finance departments, and the deputy mayor personally serves as the joint meeting The total convener. With the great attention of local government departments, the first batch of 30 prefabricated building demonstration cities in the country have formed the following experience and practices for reference in the practical exploration in recent years.

●Take government investment projects as a breakthrough, and gradually increase the promotion of prefabricated buildings. In accordance with the "Guiding Opinions on Vigorously Developing Prefabricated Buildings" issued by the General Office of the State Council and a series of policies issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the first batch of 30 prefabricated building demonstration cities in the country have formulated more detailed locations based on their own actual conditions. As for the development plan for prefabricated buildings, in view of the insufficient market in the initial stage of prefabricated building promotion, most of the companies are not very enthusiastic. Most cities have adopted the approach of requiring prefabricated construction in government-invested projects, and use this as a breakthrough step by step. Increase the promotion of prefabricated buildings in the fields of commercial buildings and residential buildings. For example, in accordance with the principle of combining compulsory promotion and guidance and incentives, Shenyang first starts with government-invested affordable housing projects, and then guides real estate projects to apply fabricated technology, while gradually expanding the scope of application, continuously increasing the assembly rate, and expanding application areas ; Handan City divides the city into two parts, the central city area and the counties (cities) outside the central city area, and respectively proposes requirements for the proportion of prefabricated buildings in the entire newly built building area.

●According to local conditions, continuously improve the technical specifications and evaluation system of prefabricated buildings. In the initial stage of the promotion of prefabricated buildings, the technical system and evaluation standards were imperfect, and some areas were even blank, which was not conducive to the rapid promotion of prefabricated buildings. For this reason, taking the construction of prefabricated building demonstration cities as an opportunity, some demonstration cities have explored and studied local standards in accordance with local conditions, which not only laid the foundation for the smooth promotion of local prefabricated buildings, but also provided a reference for the formulation of national standards.

In 2009, Shenzhen issued the country’s first local standard for prefabricated buildings—the "Technical Specifications for Prefabricated Integral Reinforced Concrete Structures." Hierarchical standard system; After exploration, Shanghai has established a standard system for the entire process from prefabricated building design, construction and installation, component production to completion acceptance; Shenyang has also compiled a standard system for engineering design, prefabricated component production, construction and installation, and supervision 19 standards in many fields such as manufacturing supervision, completion acceptance, decoration and information management, as well as more than 20 collections of atlases including standard apartment types of public rental housing, fully decorated kitchens and bathrooms, and laminated panels.

●Build a diversified incentive mechanism to fully stimulate market vitality and mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises. In the initial stage of the promotion, in order to fully stimulate market vitality and mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises to devote themselves to the field of prefabricated construction, cities such as Shanghai, Beijing, and Shenyang have established comparative measures in terms of plot ratio, pre-sales, provident fund, finance, finance, and transportation. Perfect incentive mechanism.

Shanghai has specifically issued planning incentives, financial subsidies, and special fund reduction and exemption policies for prefabricated building projects. For prefabricated building exterior walls using prefabricated sandwich insulation walls, a floor area ratio award of no more than 3%; Construction projects can be checked and accepted in layers and in stages; newly-built prefabricated commercial residential projects can be pre-sold before reaching a certain project schedule. The person in charge of many prefabricated construction companies in the city said that the 3% floor area ratio reward policy is very attractive, not only can make up for the incremental cost, but can even bring more profits to the company.

Shenyang City proposed that development and construction projects with a high prefabrication rate can enjoy a floating price limit policy, and there is no image progress requirement for pre-sale permits for prefabricated construction projects. Beijing has granted incentives not exceeding 3% of the planned construction area for residential projects that voluntarily implement industrialized construction methods. At the same time, it has provided policy support and support for prefabricated buildings in terms of house registration, house pre-sales, market credit evaluation, and evaluation and awards. tilt. Qingdao City rewards provincial-level prefabricated building demonstration cities, demonstration projects, and industrial bases according to the standards of 10 million yuan each, 100 yuan per square meter, and 1 million yuan each.

●Strongly cultivate a team of construction industry workers to provide talent support for the development of prefabricated buildings. Compared with traditional construction methods, whether prefabricated component production or site hoisting, prefabricated buildings contain higher technical content, which requires a team of construction industry workers who are proficient in relevant operating skills. To this end, Shaoxing City has explored the formation of a “decentralized training, unified assessment” prefabricated construction industry worker skills training evaluation model; Shenzhen has assisted the prefabricated construction industry by carrying out public welfare training, project observations, study inspections, and industry exchanges. The ability of workers has improved, and the country has taken the lead in creating professional and technical titles for prefabricated construction; Shenyang City has established Shenyang Modern Construction Industry Training Center with the support of Shenyang Jianzhu University and Shenyang Construction Industry Association; Hangzhou City has a local construction industry. The association and others jointly organize training courses to train workers in the prefabricated construction industry and issue certificates to those who pass the assessment.

●Strictly implement full-process supervision and promote high-quality implementation of prefabricated construction projects. It is easy to set high goals, and it is the key and difficulty to make them truly implemented. For this reason, many demonstration cities have taken some powerful measures in terms of supervision. For example, Qingdao City implements a pre-evaluation system for newly built prefabricated buildings. Projects that do not meet the requirements of planning conditions, prefabricated building construction ratios in construction conditions, and assembly rate cannot apply for construction permits; Jining City has strengthened supervision in the review of construction drawings. Projects that implement the development requirements of prefabricated buildings according to the construction condition submissions will not pass the review; Shanghai, in accordance with the implementation requirements of prefabricated buildings, sets up management nodes in the links of construction application, construction drawing review, and construction permits, and reviews the construction drawings The record certificate and the completion acceptance record certificate indicate the prefabricated building area, structural form and other information; with the help of the “prefabricated building information service and supervision platform”, Nanjing has realized the information exchange, information sharing, whole process trajectory tracking and the whole industry chain. Position quality supervision.

In addition to the above, among the first 30 prefabricated building demonstration cities in the country, some of the individualized measures launched by some cities are also worthy of attention. By absorbing the experience and practices of Singapore, Hong Kong and other places, Shenzhen adheres to the principle of "two improvements and two reductions" (improving quality, improving efficiency, reducing labor, energy saving and emission reduction), and implementing "factory production of complex components, and industrialization of simple components cast-in-place". , Explored the unique "Shenzhen Mode". In order to improve the quality and safety management of prefabricated buildings, Hefei has carried out “one-to-one” assistance activities for prefabricated building experts entering the site and entering the construction site. The expert team conducted on-site inspections on production equipment, mold assembly, and pre-embedded parts. Understanding and providing guidance on the problems found are very helpful to the progress and growth of the enterprise.

There is still a long way to go to achieve integrated design and construction

After several years of vigorous advancement, the first batch of 30 prefabricated building demonstration cities in the country have achieved good results in the field of prefabricated buildings. The proportion of newly built prefabricated buildings in some cities has exceeded the expected target, but assembly is hindered. There are still many bottlenecks for the faster and better development of modern buildings. Pang Tao, chief engineer of Nanjing Dadi Construction Group Co., Ltd. believes that the high cost of prefabricated buildings, low integrated design, low-level repetition of a large number of prefabricated building component factories, and vicious competition are common in the current prefabricated building demonstration cities. Common problems faced.

●There is still a big gap between integrated design and construction. The original intention of prefabricated buildings is to coordinate the building structure, mechanical and electrical equipment, parts and components, assembly construction, decoration and decoration, promote integrated design, and actively apply building information model technology through the promotion of generalized, modular, and standardized design methods. The collaborative design capabilities of various professions in the architectural field will further strengthen the guidance and services for the entire process of prefabricated building construction. Judging from the development of the first batch of 30 prefabricated building demonstration cities in the country, although standardized design basically has no technical problems, the design process still lacks standardization and systematic thinking. Integrated integrated design and integrated construction are currently in various The specific practice of the model cities is far from enough.

●High cost is a pain point in the large-scale promotion of prefabricated buildings. If we want to completely change the traditional cast-in-place model and promote prefabricated buildings on a large scale, we must not only rely on the promotion of government departments, but also reduce costs to be truly accepted by the majority of enterprises and the public. At present, due to the lack of standardized design in prefabricated buildings, there are many components with different specifications and sizes and a large amount of molds, which not only affects production efficiency, but also raises a lot of production costs to a certain extent. At present, the cost of prefabricated buildings is still higher than that of cast-in-place buildings. This obviously goes against the original intention of developing prefabricated buildings. The cost issue is still one of the main factors affecting the rapid development of prefabricated buildings.

●The prefabricated construction industry cluster needs to be further developed and expanded. Prefabricated buildings involve enterprises in different industries and industrial chains. To promote their sustainable development, it is essential to develop industrial clusters and build a benign industrial ecosystem. Although some prefabricated building demonstration cities such as Tangshan and Handan have established prefabricated building industry alliances, or proposed to promote the formation of prefabricated building industry chains and industrial clusters, at present, the first batch of 30 prefabricated building demonstration cities in the country Overall, this aspect is still in its infancy, and the prefabricated construction industry cluster needs to be further developed and grown.

●Further coordinated development is needed between different industries and enterprises of different magnitudes. Judging from the development of the first batch of 30 prefabricated building demonstration cities in the country, the current prefabricated building industry in my country presents the characteristics of "large stage space, many solo shows, less enthusiastic audiences, and poor efficiency of investment companies and performance companies". In the future, we should better improve the "script", organize more participants in different fields and different levels to perform collaborative "performances", so that "actors" and "audiences" can better interact, so that prefabricated buildings are truly "good quality and low price". ".

●Insufficient initiative and effort to promote prefabricated buildings. Some people compare the prefabricated building to "building a house like a car." Although it is not completely accurate, it is indeed conducive to the understanding of non-industry people. At present, although housing is closely related to our lives, the penetration rate of prefabricated building related knowledge among ordinary consumers is still very low. Even many people have never heard of the term "fabricated building", let alone Without understanding its advantages and future development trends, this is obviously not conducive to the promotion of prefabricated buildings. Among the first batch of 30 prefabricated building demonstration cities in the country, some cities have done a good job in promoting the initiative and intensity of prefabricated buildings. Most cities lack the initiative to summarize and refine good experience and practices and promote them to promote prefabricated buildings. The industry is shaped into the consciousness of a new brand of urban economy.

Give full play to the demonstration effect and make prefabricated buildings become the new business card of the urban economy

The General Office of the State Council issued the "Guiding Opinions on Vigorously Developing Prefabricated Buildings" in 2016 and proposed that it will take about 10 years to make prefabricated buildings account for 30% of the newly built building area. Divided by time period, the "14th Five-Year Plan" period belongs to the "second half" of vigorously developing prefabricated buildings. After the exploration and practice during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, prefabricated buildings have entered a stage of accelerated development and expansion and quality improvement, and some non-demonstration cities are also making efforts. In the next few years, the above-mentioned first batch of 30 prefabricated building demonstration cities will need to make further efforts to give full play to their demonstration and leading role, promote the formation of a good social atmosphere for the development of prefabricated buildings, and make prefabricated buildings become the new business card of the city's economy.

●According to local conditions, explore the development model of prefabricated buildings that conform to the characteristics of the city. The development of prefabricated buildings should be tailored to local conditions and proceed from reality based on the city’s own resource endowments, instead of “one size fits all”. The pace of first-tier cities can be a little faster, while other cities can steadily make plans based on actual conditions; some places are rich in steel resources and timber resources, and they canPoint to develop prefabricated steel structure or wood structure building. At the same time, each demonstration city needs to rely on its own location advantages, industrial characteristics, and technical foundation to explore unique development models to drive and lead the development of the local and surrounding cities' prefabricated construction industry.

●Timely adjust specific implementation measures and strengthen systemic policy support. Next, each demonstration city should start with building a modern production system, improving a supervisory service system, strengthening the application of advanced technology, strengthening the promotion of technological innovation, etc., to adapt to the new requirements of the development of prefabricated buildings, and timely adjust some implementation methods that do not adapt to the new situation. . At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen systemic policy support in various aspects such as financial rewards, implementation of taxes and fees, financial services, and industry encouragement.

● Further innovate and improve the prefabricated building technology standard system. A large number of practices in the first batch of 30 prefabricated building demonstration cities in the country in recent years have proved that prefabricated buildings have the quality and efficiency advantages over traditional construction modes. However, if you want to further reduce costs and give full play to the advantages of prefabricated buildings, related The establishment and improvement of technical standards brook no delay. Zhou Xianhe, regional executive general manager of the Central China Headquarters of Zhuyou Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Industry Group Co., Ltd., said that accelerating the development of prefabricated buildings cannot rely solely on government policy incentives, but also requires upstream and downstream industry chain companies to strengthen the research and development of technological systems. Next, the demonstration cities should continue to support and encourage relevant enterprises to innovate and optimize their technological systems from the aspects of policies and funds, and take new steps in the development of prefabricated buildings.

● Attach importance to cultivating and serving leading prefabricated construction enterprises, and build a brand matrix. The development of prefabricated buildings mainly relied on the promotion of policies in the early stage, but in the long run it still needs the true approval of the market. Leading enterprises are strong and are willing to explore the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry. They also have the ability to drive the development of the upstream and downstream industrial chains. The demonstration cities should focus on cultivating a group of leading enterprises, building a brand matrix, and doing everything possible to help these enterprises. Do a good job of service, and be willing to serve as the "shop second" of the enterprise.

●Increase publicity and promotion, and improve the public awareness of prefabricated buildings. The development of prefabricated buildings is not only an important measure for my country's construction industry to catch up with the world's advanced construction level, but also an urgent need for the industry's own green development, and it is also an important way to satisfy the public to obtain high-quality buildings. In the future, the demonstration cities need to continue to increase their publicity through organizing policy publicity, technical training and outdoor publicity activities, so that more companies and the public can understand the advantages of prefabricated buildings, and take a correct view of the difficulties encountered in the current promotion, and form a good Promotion atmosphere. Gao Lin, general manager of Baoye Hubei Construction Engineering Group Co., Ltd., believes that not only the city governments need to do their best to increase the promotion and promotion of prefabricated buildings, but also prefabricated construction companies must increase their own publicity, so as to form a joint force and a common Promote the further vigorous development of prefabricated buildings.